Demystifying Anal Glands

A uncomfortable, yet necessary, conversation. What are anal glands? Do all dogs have them? Why do some have issues and not others? Do I need to worry? All great questions. Let's dive in:

Yes, all dogs have anal glands. (Cats do, too!) They are located on either side, and slightly below the anus. Most dogs can go their whole life without having problems. Under normal circumstances, when stool passes through the anus, it applies pressure to the glands and releases (expresses) the fluid. Dogs may also involuntarily express their own anal glands when they are scared or stressed.

Expressing their own anal glands allows a dog to leave their scent behind to claim their territory near their home or in their yard during a normal bowel movement.

When dogs meet, they sniff each other’s hind ends and anal glands to gather information about the other dog’s hormonal status.

What's the problem? Some common issues include:

• Anal gland impaction: When the anal gland fluid thickens, this pasty, brown material clogs the sac and creates a hard mass

• Infection or absess: bacteria from the infection cause pus to build up inside the gland. An infection can then progress to an abscess when the pus-filled sac and swollen tissue cause the gland opening to be obstructed.

• Ruptured gland absess: The ruptures (fistulas) lead from the anal gland through the skin. You may see a greenish-yellow or bloody pus coming from the ruptured gland

• Cancer: The most common type of anal gland cancer is known as apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA).

Not to worry. Here is what you need to watch for to keep your pet happy, safe and healthy:

• Scooting

• Frequently turning to lick or bite their hind end

• Straining to poop

• Showing discomfort when pooping (dyschezia)

• Not wanting to sit

• Discharge from around the anus

• A frequent fishy odor

What do I do? If you see these symptoms, first check to see that the anal glands are full. By pulling the tail gently upward, the anus will protrude out. Gently position your fingers under, but on either side of the anus and gently press. If you feel "marbles," they are most likely full. Anal glands should be routinely checked at every grooming event.

Click here to learn about all the ways you can maintain healthy anal glands in dogs.